Important Chlorination Hydrometallurgical Process--Intech Process
   Leach    Reduction and impurity removal    The figure above shows the relationship between the anode potential and the energy stored in the electrolyte after electrolysis. Curve 1 is contained in the electrolyte Aluminum cosmetic containers,Aluminum cosmetic jars,packaging aluminum cans,round aluminum tin cans Zhoushan Xinmei Packaging Products Co., Ltd , https://www.xinmeipackage.com
   In order to increase the leaching rate, a 4 -stage countercurrent leaching is used, and each stage consists of several leaching tanks. The total residence time for the leaching process as shown in FIG 12ho [1,2 ', pulp, after the third-stage slurry filtered to recover sulfur from the slag from the first stage to join, and then into the fourth stage with the addition of The new leachant reacts for 4 hours of immersion gold . The filtrate resulting from the fourth stage recovery of gold by activated carbon adsorption, and then a third stage leach copper. Leaching temperature 80~ 
The copper-rich leachate from the first stage is passed through a column packed with copper particles to reduce copper ( II ) to copper ( I ). Then, the lime powder was neutralized to pH = 5.3 to remove impurities , and at this time, heavy metal ions other than silver and mercury were almost precipitated, and the residue was used for recovering valuable metals. The method of silver amalgam of copper and then the resulting aluminum sheet substituted replaced silver recovery, silver concentration to make 1.5mg / L. Generated Cu-Hg-Ag otherwise processed, after recovery of silver, copper, mercury Returns. Some copper mines often contain mercury. The use of copper amalgam to recover silver can simultaneously recover mercury, which is simpler than the recovery from the gas phase by fire. In the final copper product, the mercury is less than 4x10 -9 and the slag is less than 1x10 -7 . The recovery rate of silver is close to 100% .
Electrowinning
The leachate is cooled to
Product copper powder
The copper powder produced on the electrode is dendritic and the quality of the product reaches the London Metal Exchange ( LME ) Class A standard with a purity of 99.99% . Copper powder can be directly produced by powder metallurgy method, which is very promising in this respect, and can also be sold into a ball by a pellet forming machine.
Electrode reaction
At the cathode, Cu ( I ) is reduced to produce copper powder, and the copper concentration is from
Br - +
The resulting anolyte is called a Halex leach. The electrolyte of curve 2 does not contain NaBr , and chlorine gas is generated during electrolysis, and the potential is steeply increased. After the addition of NaBr , the chlorine gas stopped to precipitate, and the potential tends to curve 1 . Cu( I ) is added to the electrolyte of curve 3 .
Due to the presence of BrCl 2 - , the potential can reach 600 mV (for Ag/AgCl standard electrodes). Thus, in addition to the oxidation leaching of chalcopyrite and other copper sulfide, the zinc oxide ore may be flash, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, etc., but not the oxidation of pyrite and Hui bauxite. As a result, the Intec process can handle ore that is complex, low grade, and currently uneconomically extracted. Since the process requires less mineral size and is not limited to the concentrate grade, the cost for flotation can be reduced.
Feng Industrial Test Results
   Power consumption of the whole process tons of copper 1650kW · h, if not only circulating a solution comprising 1435kW · h. When leaching, the air is an oxidant, and no oxygen is required, and sulfur is only oxidized to elemental sulfur, and the oxygen consumption is low. In addition, the electrowinning of one-valent copper ions makes the energy consumption slightly higher than that of the fire method, which is lower than other existing wet processes.
The current density of the current is still
Obviously, the Intech process conditions are better than the previously mentioned processes such as Clear, the leaching reaction temperature is low, no pressure is required; no extraction, no chlorine gas is produced, which is simpler than the 寇Parex process; Good, easy to operate; and can recover precious metals such as gold and silver. Therefore, its research progress has received great attention in recent years. According to an estimate by the results of industrial test engineering company named HG, according to the scale of construction Intec process 50,000 t / a plant investment of about $ 70.5 million, or US dollars annual production capacity of 1410 tons of copper; and Fire tons of copper production for the year The ability to invest is 3,500 to 4,000 US dollars. The production cost is 264 US dollars of copper, and complex copper mines can be used. The grade requirements are not high, and 15 % or less of copper can be used as raw materials.
Many independent research reports believe that the investment and operating costs of the Intec process are lower than other existing wet processes, and because of low energy consumption, low oxygen consumption, good slag stability, no exhaust gas, and the lowest environmental impact factor. It is an excellent copper hydrometallurgical process.
references:
1.Everett , PR , Hydrometallurgy'94 , Inter.Symp.11~15 , july , 1994 , Cambridge , UKIMM , Chapman & Hall , 913~922
2.Everett , PR , et al. Copper Hydrometallurgy Forum , 1998 , Australia