Spinach transform "sensor" can be used to detect explosives

It is hard to detect human beings in groundwater or with some dangerous substances, but spinach plants transformed with nanotechnology can do so. By embedding carbon nanotubes in leaves, American engineers transform spinach into sensors that detect explosives and wirelessly deliver the information to hand-held devices such as smartphones.

Michael Stranor, a professor of chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who led the study, said the goal of the nanobiotechnology is to introduce nanoparticles into plants, giving them non-native functions.

In a paper published in the October 31 issue of the journal Nature in Materials, the researchers said they injected a nanoparticle-containing solution into the back of the leaves using a technique called "vascular perfusion" Aromatic sensors embedded in spinach leaves the strongest photosynthesis mesophyll layer. The researchers also embedded carbon nanotubes that emit a constant fluorescence signal as a reference. By comparing two fluorescent signals, it is easier to determine if the sensor detects an explosive such as an explosive molecule in the groundwater. The plant transmits it to the sensor-embedded blade in 10 minutes.

In order to read the signal, the researchers hit the laser on the leaves to excite the nanotubes in them to emit near-infrared fluorescence. Fluorescence can be detected by an infrared camera connected to a small computer. By removing the infrared filter, ordinary smart phones with camera function can detect this signal. Currently, researchers have been able to test plants 1 meter away.

Stelno said the new approach offers the possibility of overcoming plant-to-human communication barriers and can also be used to alert environmental issues such as pollution and drought. In addition, the new technology is versatile enough to scale to any plant in the future. Botanists use these sensors to better monitor the health of plants and to maximize the yield of botanical synthetic pharmaceutical compounds. Next, they will use genetically modified technology to plant plants so that plants will no longer produce chlorophyll. Instead, they will change the color of the leaves depending on the composition of the surrounding plants. The plants thus obtained do so without the need for additional devices such as infrared sensors Test mission.

Heat Treated Steel Bar And Tube

HEAT TREATED STEEL BAR AND TUBE

Heat treated steel bar is produced by heating and cooling in different temperature based on the steel grades to improve the steel bar mechanical properties or machinability for various industrial applications. Heat treated steel bar includes annealed steel bars, Normalized Steel Bar, quenched and temper qt steel bar.

Annealed Steel Bar has better ductility and lower hardness, which can be easier to be machined. The annealing processing is usually widely used for steel grade with higher carbon content above 0.5%. However, some low carbon steel also requires to do annealing for special usage such as 20CrMnTi gear steel. For some special material such as 20CrMnTi gear steel and GCr15 such bearing steel, spheroidizing annealing is often required.

Normalized steel bar sometime is also one kind of annealing processing. It mainly changes the grain to remove the impurities in steel and improves the strength and hardness. For some hot rolled steel bars, to keep the basic mechanical properties, normalizing is often used.

Quenching and Tempering, abbreviated as Q&T is a king of processing that strengthen or harden steel bars by heating the materials and then cooling in water, oil or other liquid medium, that rapidly the change from austenite to perlite to get the proper properties for various usage. The quenched & tempered steel bar materials are usually with carbon from 0.30% - 0.60%, it is widely used as merchant bars in components of various machines.

Our advantages on producing heat treated steel bars:

1) Big stocks of hot rolled round bars or wire rods as raw materials

2) Wide range of Cold Drawn Steel Bar sizes: from 10mm to 150mm

3) Different cold drawing medias powder or oil to get different surface

4) Straightening machines to get better straightness up to 0.5mm/m

5) Grinding and polishing machines to get better roughness upto 0.4um

6) Heat treating furnaces to adjust the mechanical properties

7) Full sets of testing equipment to test the sizes, mechanical properties and microstructure.

8) Multiple packages to avoid broken packages and anti-rusty

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